Early Life and Path to the Throne
Hadrian was born in 76 AD in Italica, a Roman settlement in what is now Spain. He was the son of a prominent Roman senator, Publius Aelius Hadrianus, and his mother, Domitia Paulina, who came from a wealthy and influential family. Hadrian's early life was marked by a connection to the elite of Roman society, and his education reflected the broad interests that would define his later life. He studied literature, philosophy, and military tactics, skills that would become essential in his leadership.
After the death of Emperor Trajan in 117 AD, Hadrian was named his successor. However, it is important to note that Hadrian's rise to power was not straightforward. Trajan's death, while leaving the empire without a clear successor, led to a period of uncertainty. Hadrian’s ascent was strongly influenced by his relationship with Trajan’s wife, Plotina, who supported his claim to the throne. Hadrian was swiftly accepted by the Senate and became the Emperor of Rome.
The Imperial Journey: Hadrian's Travels Across the Empire
Hadrian’s reign is particularly notable for the extensive travels he undertook throughout the Roman Empire. It was uncommon for emperors to travel extensively, as the empire was vast and the political capital, Rome, required constant attention. However, Hadrian saw the empire as a living, breathing entity that required direct oversight, and he made it a priority to visit and inspect the provinces under his rule.
Hadrian’s travels took him across much of the empire, from the north of Britain to the sands of Egypt, from the rugged terrain of Spain to the farthest reaches of the eastern provinces. His first major journey as emperor was to the eastern provinces, where he spent several years visiting Greece, Asia Minor, and Egypt. These trips were not just about political or military oversight—they were also about cultural exploration.
Hadrian’s affinity for Greek culture was profound, and his travels were influenced by this admiration. He immersed himself in the philosophy, art, and architecture of Greece, particularly the city of Athens, where he is said to have been deeply moved by the classical ideals of beauty and rationality. His reverence for Greek culture was so strong that it influenced many of his policies, including the rebuilding of Athens and the commissioning of grand architectural projects that reflected Greek design.
In addition to his intellectual pursuits, Hadrian’s travels were also practical. He took steps to ensure the stability and security of the empire by fortifying its borders and strengthening its military presence. One of the most enduring symbols of his military engagement is Hadrian’s Wall, a massive defensive fortification built across northern Britain to protect the Roman province of Britannia from incursions by the Picts. The wall, which stretches for over 70 miles, remains a testament to Hadrian’s vision of a secure and stable empire. shutdown123